Continuous soap crutcher



Dec. 17, 1935. R, v, um 2,024,425

(.ONTINUOUS SOP CRUTCHER Dec. 17, 1935. R. v. BURT CONTINUOUS SOAP rJRUTCHER Filed Sept. 27, 195

5 Y 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY5.

Dec. 17, 1,935.v R. v. BURT 2,024,425

' CONTINUOUS SOAP CRUTCHER A Filed sept. 27, 195s 5 Smets-sheet 5 IN VENTQR.

` yf BYQZWL MKM ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 17, 1935. R. v. BURT 2,024,425

CONTINUOUS SOAP GRUTCHER Filed Sept. 27, 1953 5 sheets-sheet 4 l l VIENTO?. BY WM we@ ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 17, 1935. R v. Bum

CONTINUOUS SOAP CRUTCHER 5 Sheets-ShamI 5 Filed sept. 27, 1955 HHIIIIIIIIIIIIIWIIHIIIIMEIM INVENTOR. V1 M ATTORNEYS.

YPatented 17, `1935 UNITED STA-rss PATENT OFFICE oow'rlNUoUs soAP cmrrcmm v Robert v. Burt, Cincinnati, ohio, minor to The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio,y

a corporation oi Ohio Application September 27, 1933, Serial No. 691,257

19 Claims.

purpose are sal-soda solution, mineral oil, naphtha, fatty acids, and others. In addition to materials such as above mentioned, it also is often desirable to introduce ingredients for other purposes, as, for instance, perfume.

So far as I am aware, the mixing of the soap` body and its introduced ingredients heretofore has been accomplished commercially by intermittent operation in batches, utilizing machinery adapted for this method of operation. Such a method, compared with continuous operation according to myinventiony is slower, requires more massive and expensive machinerywhich takes up more space, and also'involves more labor and consumes more power; and the uniformity and the quality of the mixing may, as I have found, be improved in addition to the'above mentioned saving.

It is an object of my invention, therefore, to provide for continuous mixing of such materials as the above by causing a continuous flow of the soap, and at the same time a continuous flow into the owing body of soap of regulated quantities of the secondary ingredient or plurality of such ingredients which it is desired .to mix with the soap; and by the operation of a mixing device adapted to do its work while the intermin'gled ingredients are continuously passing through it, to accomplish a complete crutching of `the soap, preparatory to its passage tothe soap finishing machinery, such as rolls, spray drying. apparatus, or other apparatus, depending upon the form which the finished soap is to have.

A further object of my invention is to insure, during the continuous interri'iingling of the ingredients, a maintenance of an exact desired proportion between the quantities of the ingredients, as of course is necessary in order to insure that the finished soap will be uniformly of the required properties.

A further object is to maintain the soap and the ingredient or ingredients intermingled therewith in their passage tothe mixer under a substantially uniform pressure in course of the operation', although the rate of operation may vary, or the operation be entirely stopped: so that under all conditions the intermingled soap and ingredients will have the required continuity of body to be properly operated upon by the mixing apparatus. f

A further object is to insure against the introduction of the wrong proportion of an ingredient in case of chance stoppage of the flow of the secondary ingredient.

A further object is to maintain the soap and in- 5 gredients at such a temperature that they will be of a predetermined consistency so as to insure a predetermined stream of flow, whereby the desired operation on the several materials for effecting the mixing in the right proportions, and l0 the maintenance of the proper consistency of the finished soap, may be insured.

lA further object is to provide for conveniently varying the proportion in which the s oap and other ingredient or ingredients are mixed while l5 enabling the proportion, whatever it may be, to be maintained uniform throughout the period of any adjustment of the proportion, and to vary the quantity without varying the proportion..

A further object is to provide for keepingthe 20 passages of the apparatus free of gummed soap and of deposits or precipitates from the ingredients used; this preferably being accomplished by the convenient introduction of steam under pressure to the passages of the apparatus by a very Z6 convenient manipulation of a few valves.

Other objects will appear in the course of the following description illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which i Figure 1 is a general plan view of apparatus 30 embodying my invention, and suited for operation according to my improved method.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section on the line 3,3 of Fig. 1, showing the interior details of the soap- 35 driven device, and showing more clearly the arrangement of the piping to and from the pump that introduces an ingredient into the main soap conduit.

Fig. 4 is a left hand end elevation of the mixer, 40 with the endv of its casing omitted to show the interior details. V

Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section of the mixer on the line 5, 5 of Fig. 4. 'y

Fig. 6 is a plan view corresponding to the light 45 hand end portion` of Fig. l, and showing a modincation adapted for the introduction of two ingredients into the main soap conduit to mix with the soap body. f

Fig. 7 is a vertical cross section of the part of 50 the conduit that leads into the mixer casing showing the perforated plate that divides the ow of the material as it enters the pump.

Referring first to the general layout of the apparatus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, as I prefer 55 to construct my apparatus, a pump I has an inlet 2 understood to lead from the soap supply, and has anoutlet 3; and leading from the outlet 3 to the inlet 2v is a by-pass 4, controlled by a yielding valve 5; the pump I being understood to be a suitable form of positively acting pump, such as a gearv pump. Such a pump will maintain a positive pressure, depending upon its rate of operation, and uponl the setting of the yielding valve 5. lIf its outlet is restricted to a certain extent, the by-pass valve 5 will open, so that there will be no overload upon thepump driving mechanism, such as the motor 6. If the outlet should be entirely closed, the entire amount of material passed by the pump gears will flow back through the by-pass. At the same time it will be seen that for a given rate of operation the pressure at the outlet end of the pump will remain constant as determined by the pressure on the valve in the by-pass. If the outlet is open, material will flow under this pressure.` -If the outlet is completely closed, the ow of material will be stopped, but the static pressure at the outlet end will be maintained.

A pump such as above described is preferable because it can be used with the results above described, and the output of the apparatus controlled and determined by stopping the ow at the outlet end of the apparatus, as will later be described. v

Leading from the outlet 3 of the pump I is the conduit or pipe 1, which has interposed in it a drain fitting B with a strainer; this tting being closed bya plug 9, as seen in Fig. 2. The pipe also has an inlet from a steam pipe III, understood to lead from a suitable source of steam under pressure, and being controlled by a valve I I. The pipe 1 has lateral branches I2 and I3, in which are valves I4 and I5, respectively.

The driven device I6, as I prefer to provide it, is of the construction of a Well known kind of rotary pump, comprising a casing having its interior of a modified cylindrical shape and containing a rotor I1 which has four equally spaced radial slots in whieh'slide respective blades I8 that follow the'interior surface of the casing. The inlet and outlet I9 and 20 of the casing are at opposite sides thereof, and the rotor will rotate in response to variation in volume of the spaces between the blades I8 under pressure of material flowing into the casing fro-m inlet I9. The result is that this rotor 1 of this devicawill rotate at a speed in proportion to the rate of` ow of the soap through the device.

The branch I2 of the conduit 1 leads into the inlet I9 of this device that is driven by the flow .of the soap. A short pipe leads from the outlet of this soapdriven device into the main conduit 2|; and this mainconduit 2| leads to the inlet of the mixer 22.

This mixer 22 comprises a casing 23 with a 4the casing is the inlet into which the main conduit 2| leads as above mentioned. This inlet has interposed in it a perforated diffusion plate 21. In the left hand end wall of the casing, centrally thereof, is the outlet 28, from which leads a pipe 29, which will be understood to lead to vwhatever apparatus is used for bringing the soap mixture into its finished consistency, as for instance, soap rolls, frames, a soap spraying device, or the like. As here shown, in this outlet pipe 29 is interposed a valve 30. ItwiJl be understood that thls valve may be operated manually, or automatic means may beprovided to more or. less close it in accordance with the operation of apparatus to which material is delivered through 5 this valve. When this valve Iis used to throttle the outlet, it will determine the rate of output of the apparatus, and the by-pass of the initial Adriving pump 5 will respond accordingly. I may,

however, throttle the supply between the driving 10 pump and the mixing apparatus, or vary the rate of operation of the driving pump. Or gravity feed may be used, with throttling at either end of the apparatus.

The mixer casing 23 has, inside it, next to its 15 right wall, a rotoi 3|, and next to its left wall a rotor 32, both fixed to' and axially spaced apart on the shaft 25. Between these rotors 3| and 32 is la xed member or stator 33 in the form of a central. ring loosely surrounding the hub of the 20 left rotor 32, and arms or blades yradiating from this ring, and fixed, preferably by welding, in the interior walls of the casing. The right rotor preferably is made up of ja series of blades, each volute in direction from the rotor hub outward, 25

'Fig. 4. These blades extend close to the cylindrical wall, as well as to the respective end walls, 30

` of the casing. The inlet from the conduit 2|,

through the diffusion plate 21 is seen clearly in Fig. 4 at 21a, as cutting into the interior wall of the casing, and With most of its area outward from the circle of rotation of the outer ends of 35 the rotor blades. I may, however, admit the material nearer to, or even at the center of rotation of the rotors. The mixer is not driven by the flow of materials, but is driven by a motor 34 located about midway of the length of 40 the apparatus, and connected to the mixer shaft 25 by a suitable flexible coupling 35 next to the mixer, and also by means of suitable speedchanging gearing 36. The effect of forcing the materials into the outer portions of the mixer is to cause them to flow rst between the blades of the right hand rotor, and then between the stationary blades of the stator, and then between the blades of the left hand rotor. During this passage the materials must ow radially inward. The result is' during" this passage the materials are repeatedly and forcibly agitated and broken up, due to the relative movement of the blades.

"Such centrifugal action as there is tends to oppose the passage of the material, and tothat extent aids in the distribution of the material throughout the Working area of the coacting blades. The diffusion plate 21 initially breaks up the flow of the commingled materials, promoting the diffusion and uniform mixing ofthe materials as they enter the mixer and during the operation of the mixer thereon.

The same motor 34 that drives the mixer 2x2 has on its opposite end suitable gearing 31, by

which it drives a shaft concealed under the hous- 05 ing 33 which shaft operates the drum Within the mechanism collectively indicated at 41. A pump 39, understood to be of a suitable positive forcing type, as for instance, similar to the initial soapl forcing pump before described, is driven by this shaft through the medium of change-speed gearing 40, preferably of the axially slidable type which is operated by a disc 46 revolved by the mechanism collectively indicated at 41. To the inlet 4| of this pump, leads a pipe 42underst00d 75 'to'conne'ct with a suitable supply of the ingredient, such as a silicate, or the like, in fluid form. A pipe from the outlet 43 into the main conduit 2l preferably has a valve 44 which may be opened when it is required to clean out the connections and pump by the introduction of steam under pressure, or by other similar means.

It will be seen that the operation of this pump 39 is to force the ingredient from the pipe 42 `into the main conduit 2|, there to intermingle with the soap that is being pumped through the main conduit by the pump I. Also, it will be seen that if the proportion of the ingredient to the main body of soap is `to be maintained constant, as, of course. is necessary, then it is necessary that the effective rates of discharge of the two pumps I and 39 must be kept at a constant ratio. This is true Whatever the absolute rate is. That is to say, the rate of discharge of the main pump I may increase or decrease; but the rate of discharge of the ingredient introducing pump 39 must always increase or decrease in the same proportion.

It is to insure such an operation as this that I y have provided the device IS, which is driven by the soap being forced through the apparatus as before described. Were this device I6 to be compelled to act as the motor for the ingredient-introducing pump 39, which, of course, will involve the supply of a considerable amount of power, then the sensitveness of this meter device to fluctuations in the flow of the soap would be reduced to such an 'extent that the value of the device for insuring corresponding rates of operation of the two pumps I and 39`would be practically lost. -In view of this situation, I make use of a device which is now known in the art of power transmission as va torque amplifier. A device of this type, to which it is most convenient to refer, is one which is the invention of Henry W. Nieman, in connection with which there have been issued to him several patents, for instance No. 1,751,652, issued March 25, 1930. As this torque amplifier includes a number of structural elements and has a method of operation which would require a rather lengthy description, it is deemed sufficient to merely illustrate it, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, as including discs 45 and 46, turning respectively with the device I6 and the shaft concealed by the housing'38. This shaft drives the pump 39 by means of the gearing 40 and mechanism collectively indicated at 41 which has an operation such that, although the pump 39 is driven by the power of the motor34, the speed at which this power is transmitted from' the motor to the pump is at all times determined by the speed of rotation of the vdevice I9, with the light torque and sensitive- -ness of this meter insuring an accurate correspondencebetween the rate of operation of the pump 39, and the flow of soap which is driving the device I6. Preferably an indicator 49 is coupled to the shaft of the device I6, between this device and the torque ampliler, so as to indicate the quantity of soap passing through the apparatus at any given time. A hand wheel 49 also is connected to the above shaft between this indicating device 48 and the torque amplifier, to facilitate turning the devices manually.

A pressure gauge 50 is connected to the outlet of the ingredient supply pump 39, which, in addition to having a dial which will indicate the pressure of supply of the ingredient, also includes a pair of electrical contact elements 5 I, by means of which an element 52, moved by the pressure gauge,

` will complete a circuit through connections 53 and 54 and the coil of a solenoid 55. The sliding core `and 5 Ia are connected by conductors 53 and 5I and or armature 5l of this solenoid is connected to the stem of a valve 59 interposed in the pipe I between the main pump I and the rest of the apparatus. 'I'he parts are adjusted so that ii' the pressure in the ingredient supply system falls below a desired 5 given value, the gauge will make the contact and the solenoid will act to close valve 56 and stop the flow Voi' the soap; the pump I by-passing, as before described, when this happens. By this means it is insured that soap will not be passed I0 through the apparatus Without the supply ofadded ingredient, While the device I6 and its torque amplifier connection insure proper correspondence of quantities. of the soap and the yother ingredient so long as the pump 39 and other parts of 15 the ingredient supply system are in proper working order, this provision would not function should the pump 39 for any of these reasons, fail to supply the rated amount of ingredient, notwithstanding that its proper speed was maintane through the operation of the device I6. Y

I insure the proper temperature to keep the soap, as well as the introduced ingredient, of proper flowing consistency by suitable heating means along the pipes and conduits and next to the soap- 25 driven control device. I have indicated such a heating means as being electrical, diagrammatically, in Fig. l. where coils 58, understood preferably to surround the various devices are shown as connected in parallel circuit with a current 30 source 58a. It will be understood that any suitable electrical circuit is represented by this illustration; also that I am not limited to electrical heating, as steam jacketing or any other well known heating means may be used. 3 In the example of Fig. 6, two ingredient supply pumps 39 and 39a are provided, having their outl lets 43 and 43a connected by pipes with the main soap conduit 2I. These pipes have the blow-out valves 44 and a and gauges 50 and 50a; and the pumps have inlet pipes 42 and 42a, respectively, 4D vleading from sources of supply, not shown, of the different ingredients, as for instance a."` builder and a perfume. The gauge contact elements 5I 53a and 54a, and the valve controlling solenoid 55 5 and current source 55a are in parallel circuit with the connections, so that failure of the supply of either ingredient will close the valve 56.

With my improved method and apparatus, only about one and one-half horsepower is required for delivering about 4800 pounds of crutched soap perhour, as compared with about ten horsepower heretofore required with the usual soap crutching apparatus. The space occupied by ,g my apparatusused according to my method is 5" only about one foot in width and in height and five feet long, as compared with two of the usual crutchers, each about five feet in diameter and five feet' in height. The weighing out of the ingredients by scale tanks may be dispensed with. By the previous methods the piping has been about four inches in diameter, as compared with permissibly much smaller pipingl according to my method, which may be as little as only about one inch in diameter for the largest piping. The valves and fittings are correspondingly reduced in size, effecting not only a saving in first cost, but a saving in cost of maintenance. lAs my improved apparatus is easily cleaned by ..0 blowing live steam or hot water through it, I avoid the troublesome scraping down which is frequently necessary with crutchers heretofore used as above described.

It is important to note that operation on soap 75 according to my method is attained with some difficulties not encountered in the continuous mixing of substances that are normally liquid and of free-flowing consistency. Difliculties also are encountered which are not encountered in the mixing of two or more ingredients which do not differ much in specific, gravity. For example, kettle soap is not a true liquid normally, but is of the nature of a thick, viscous paste which will solidify on cooling. Also, silicate of soda, usually employed as a builder for soap, as hereinbefore noted, is a heavy viscous liquid which will crystal-` lize at low Winter temperatures and will solidify into a hard glassy abrasive substance upon air drying. Some other substances used as builders have properties somewhat similar to those just described for silicate of soda. l

On account of the above described properties of the materials used, great care must be taken to insure that they are freely flowing at all times during the continuous mixing passage; and also that thickened or solidied portions of the materials do not clog the devices and fittings. This is important because anymaterial clogging the passages, altering their conductive capacity, may alter the proportions of the mixture, as well as cut down the rate of production of the apparatus.

The difference in specic gravity, which, comparing soap With silicate of soda may be as much as 50%, involves careful provision against stratication of the heavier silicate of soda in the lighter soap body, when of course the desiredv condition is a complete dissemination of the heavier material throughout the lighter material.

4By my method and apparatus I have provided for complete and uniform dissemination and mixing of the widely different substances while passing the material at a rapid rate, whereby rapid pro- A ductionisaiorded.

By throttling the outlet of the apparatus to control its output, and by-passing accordingly at y the initial driving pump, the pressure in the system is always that of the spring of the bypass valve. The same effect will be had by feeding by gravity under constant head, andl throttling the outlet. I have disclosed throttling the outlet as a preferred embodiment, as having some advantage in the above respects.` It will be understood, however, that this is not essential to the successful working of my method and appal apparatus have been alluded to in the description herein; and it will be understood that these may be attained in greater or less degree without departing from the principle of my invention. A preferred example of my method and apparatus has been rather specificallyY disclosed, as is necessary, but it will be understood that modifications such as have been alluded to herein, or other modifications not mentioned herein, may occur in practice and under different conditions that may be encountered; and therefore I am not limited to such precise disclosure', but what I claim as new' and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A continuous soap crutcher comprising an enclosed mixer having an outlet and an inlet, devices each supplying a respective ingredient 5 under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control device operated by the flow o f one of the ingredients, and power amplifying means arranged so that said control device through said power amplifying means automatically determines the rate of 'ml operation of the devices that supply the other ingredients continuously and uniformly in predetermined proportions.

2.A continuous soap crutcher comprising an Ienclosed mixerhaving an outlet and an inlet, devices each supplying a respective ingredient under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control device operated by the flow of one of the ingredients, means adapted to stop supply of said one ingredientl when the pressure of the supply of any of the other ingredients falls below a predetermined limit; the device supplying the control-device operating ingredient having a bypass with a relief valve thereby `being operative to maintain static pressure on` the ingredient upon closure of the mixer outlet, means to restrict the opening of the mixer outlet, and means whereby the said control device automatically dctermines the rate of o-peration of the devices that supply the other ingredients in predetermined proportions.

3. A continuous soap crutcher comprising a plurality of pumps, a mixer into which the pumps discharge, a control device operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, and arranged so that power amplifying said control device through said power amplifying means automatically determines the rate of continuous and uniform' discharge of another one of said'pumps 4. A continuous soap crutcher comprising a 40 plurality of pumps, a mixer into which the pumps discharge, a control device operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, power amplifying means arranged so that .I said control device through said power amplifying means automatically-determines the rate of ldischarge of the other of said pumps, the control-device-operating pump having a by-pass and relief valve, and the mixer having an outlet' for discharge of mixed material, and means to restrict the discharge through the mixer outlet. v 5. A continuous soap crutcher comprising a plurality of pumps, a control device operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, motive means for the other of said pumps, a torque amplifier controlled by said control device and controlling the transmission of powerfrom said motive means to the other of said pumps, and a mixer into which said pumps discharge.'

' 6. A continuous soap crutcher comprising a so plurality of pumps, a control device o'peratedby the flow of the discharge from `one pump, motive means,.a change-speed operative connection, a torque amplifier controlled by said control device and lcontrolling the transmission of power by said operative connection from said motive means to the other of said pumps, and a mixer into which said pumps discharge.

7. In a Icontinuous soap crutcher, a plurality of pumps, a control device operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, motive means for the other of said pumps, a torque amplifier driven by said control device, and controlling the transmission of power from said motive means to the other of saidpumps, a device responsive to change of lpressure of discharge from the other of said pumps, and means controlling discharge from the one pump, under control oi.' said pressure-responsive device.

8. In a. continuous soap crutcher, a plurality of pumps, a control device-operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, motive means for the other of said pumps, a torque amplifier driven by said control device, and control g the transmission of power from said motive yeans to the other of'said pumps, an electric switch device operative in response to change of pressure of discharge from the other of said pumps, and electrically operated means controlling discharge from the one pump under control of said switch device.

9. In a continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer comprising a casing, a plurality of sets of rotary blades in said casing, a xed set of blades in said casing between the sets of rotary blades, one side of said casing having an inlet disposed radially outward from the center of rotation of one set of rotary blades, the other side of said casing having an outlet substantially opposite the center of rotation of the other set of rotary blades, and means for supplying a plurality of ingredients under pressure through said inlet.

l0. In a 'continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer comprising a casing, a plurality of sets of rotary blades in said casing, a fixed set of blades in said casing between the sets of rotary blades, one side of said casing having an inlet disposed radially outward from the center of rotation of one set of rotary blades, the other side of said casing having an outlet substantially opposite the center of rotation of the other set of rotary blades, means for supplying a plurality of ingredients under pressure through said inlet, comprising a conduit leading to said inlet, means for causing flow of one ingredient through said conduit, and means for automatically causing a flow of another ingredient into said conduit at a desired rate proportionate to the flow of the one ingredient.

11. In a continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer comprising a casing, a plurality of sets of rotary blades in said casing, fixed blades in said casing between the sets of rotary blades, one side of the said casing having an inlet adjacent 'one set of rotary blades and the opposite side of said casing having an outlet adjacent another set of rotary blades, means for supplying a plurality of ingredients under pressure through said inlet, comprising means to supply one ingredient, a pump to supply another ingredient to the one ingredient, a motor to drive said pump, a device operated by flow of the one ingredient, and means whereby said device automatically controls the transmission of power from said motor to said pump to maintain the discharge of the said pumpat a desired proportion to the flow of the one ingredient.

l2. In a continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer comprising a casing, a plurality of sets of rotary blades in said casing, fixed blades in said casing between the sets of rotary blades, one side of said casing having an inlet adjacent one set of rotary blades and the opposite side of said casing having an outlet adjacent the other set of rotary blades-means for supplying a plurality of -ingredients through said inlet and means subdividing the stream of partially mixed ingredients owng to said inlet into a plurality of smaller streams before mixing, and means for supplying a plurality of ingredients under pressure through said inlet.

13. In a continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer c prising a casing, a plurality of sets of rotary b des in said casing, fixed blades in said casing between the sets of rotary blades, one side of the said casing having an inlet adjacent one set of rotary blades and the opposite side of said casing having an outlet adjacent the other set of rotary blades, means for supplying a plurality of ingredients through said inlet, comprising a conduit leading to said inlet, means for causing flow of one ingredient through said conduit, means for causing a flow of other ingredients into said conduit at a desired rate proportionate to the flow of the one ingredient, and a perforated barrier in said conduit adapted to subdivide the flowing stream of partially mixed ingredients into a plurality of smaller streams before mixing.

14. In a continuous soap crutching machine, a mixer, means for passing a material under pressure through said mixer, a plurality of devices for forcing other respective ingredients into the said material in its passage to the mixer, motive means for driving the several forcing devices, a control device driven by the said material in its passage to the mixer, and power amplifying means connecting the control device to the motive means and the several forcing devices, whereby the control device automatically maintains the rate of operation of the forcing devices under the power of the motive means through said power amplifying means, at a desired constant proportion tothe rate of passage of the said material.

15. A proportioning and mixing device suitable for mixing ingredients continuously and uniformly with molten soap and similar viscous substances in predetermined proportions, comprising an enclosed mixer having an outlet and `an inlet, devices each supplying a respective ingredient under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control device operated by the flow of one of the ingredients, and power amplifying means arranged so that said control device through said power amplifying means automatically determines the rate of operation of the devices that supply the other ingredients in` predetermined proportions.

16. A proportioning and mixing devicesuitable for mixing ingredients continuously and uni- -formly with molten soap and similar viscous substances in predetermined proportions, comprising a plurality of pumps, a mixer into which the pumps discharge, a control device operated by the flow of the discharge from one pump, and power amplifying means arranged so that said control device through said power amplifying means determines the rate of discharge of another one of said pumps.

17. A proportioning and mixing device suitable for mixing ingredients with molten soap and similar viscous substances in predetermined proportions comprising a plurality of pumps, a control ldevice operated by' the flow of the discharge from one pump, motive means for the other of said pumps, a torque amplifier controlled by said control device and controlling the vtransmission of power from said motive means to the other of said pumps, and a mixer into which said pumps discharge.

18., A continuous soap crutcher comprising an enclosed mixer having an outlet and an inlet, devices each supplying a respective ingredient under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control deenclosed mixer having, an outlet and an inlet. devices supplying respectively soap and. an added ingredient under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control device operated by the flow of the soap, means adapted to stop the supply of said soap when the pressure oi' the supply of said added ingredient falls below a predetermined limit, and means arranged so that said control device automatically determines the rate of operation o! the device that supplies said added ingredient in 10 I predetermined proportion.

ROBERT V. BURT.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,024,425. December 17 1935 O ROBERT v. BURT.

It is hereby certified 'that error `a n the above numbered patent requiring o column, lines 35 and .'56, claim 3, stri power amplifying" and insert instead power amplifying means arranged so thatand that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections there in that the same mayV conform to the record of the oase in the Patent Office Signed and sealed this 9th day of June, A. D. 1936.

ppears in the printed specification of orreotion as follows: Page 4, second ke out the words "arranged so that Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents'.

enclosed mixer having, an outlet and an inlet. devices supplying respectively soap and. an added ingredient under pressure to the mixer inlet, a control device operated by the flow of the soap, means adapted to stop the supply of said soap when the pressure oi' the supply of said added ingredient falls below a predetermined limit, and means arranged so that said control device automatically determines the rate of operation o! the device that supplies said added ingredient in 10 I predetermined proportion.

ROBERT V. BURT.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,024,425. December 17 1935 O ROBERT v. BURT.

It is hereby certified 'that error `a n the above numbered patent requiring o column, lines 35 and .'56, claim 3, stri power amplifying" and insert instead power amplifying means arranged so thatand that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections there in that the same mayV conform to the record of the oase in the Patent Office Signed and sealed this 9th day of June, A. D. 1936.

ppears in the printed specification of orreotion as follows: Page 4, second ke out the words "arranged so that Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents'. 

